Review of related literature and research gap
According to the Food Agriculture Organization (FAO, 1986), "Lack of the knowledge of the simplest facts of nutrition is at the root of a high proportion of the affluent societies of so called developed nation, many suffer from malnutrition in the midst of abundance, ignorance, indifference and superstitions seem to be greater enemies of nutrition than poverty." MOH (1997), International and National Nutritional Specialists have published the guideline to the young girls and reproductive age women must be taken ghee, curd, milk, fish, eggs, meat, fruits, green leafy vegetables daily and developing age young girls must take additional food at least two times a day along the daily food.
National Health Program (1991), Program to inform the people about personal hygiene through various media, to collecting and managing solid wastes, to inspect and examine hotel food, drinking water and other edible products, to manage construction of general latrines and urinals will be initiated in co-coordinated manners [1]. Reported that there was variation in the dietary habits of Riksha puller in Butwal Municipality. About 54 percent of respondents take breakfast, while 10 percentage of respondent take no breakfast and rest of other take it sometimes. Similarly, 34.4 percent take tiffin whereas 18.2 do not. The main food items for tiffin are rice, tea, curry, chiura and pakauda. According to the same study, it was found that the people with low economic status are found not taking the tiffin and breakfast. About 53.9 percent of respondent take rice dal and curry for the main meal followed by roti, dal and alcohol, meat and grams, rice and noon found that 64 percent of school children consumed milk products or derivatives once or less per day whereas 88.6 percent consumed raw vegetables less than once a day [2]. 86.9 percent consumed cooked vegetables less than once per day. 40 percent consumed fresh fruit less than once per day and 55.1 percent consumed animal proteins less than once per day. 34.6 percent consumed two or more units per day of cakes or buns and 21.6 percent consumed three or more units per day of sweets. 31 percent did not vary their breakfast and 12 percent took nothing solid for breakfast on at least one of the study's three days.
13.1 percent did not vary their evening meal and 17 percent took nothing solid for their evening meal on at least one of the three days concluded that adolescents aged 14-19 years old, are consumed dairy products daily by less than 50 percent of the sample. About 53 percent girls but only 33 percent boys consumed one fruit daily [3]. During the survey several consumption frequencies are found to be low Mentioned that 46 percent and 60 percent of the adolescents did not eat fruit and vegetables daily respectively [4, 5]. Most of the adolescents (72%) consumed at least one dairy product daily. The frequent consumption of chocolate and French fries indicated the strong cultural influence on dietary habits while imported foods (like hamburgers) had little success. One-third of the adolescents drank alcohol at least once a week and this proportion rose to 57 percent in the oldest age group. Boys and girls differed significantly in their diet, with girls choosing healthier foods. Dietary habits, in particular drinking habits, differed also significantly between education levels, assessed by the learning option of the participants Examined that adolescent consumed significantly more fruit than children (324.8 vs. 204.2 g/day) did [6]. Consumption of vegetables did not differ significantly (269.1 and 255.7 g/day in children and adolescents respectively). In more than 60 percent of children and adolescents, breakfast provided more than 30 percent of daily energy intake. Resulted Breakfasts containing at least one dairy food, one cereal food and fruit/fruit juice are consumed by 13.7 percent and 21.9 percent of children and adolescents respectively. A total of 33.3 percent and 47.6 percent of subjects respectively consumed milk every day while 15.9 percent and 10.4 percent did not consume milk for breakfast at all explained that daily intake of
fruits among Mexican children on
the Mexico-U.S. border was 1.5 by children from both grades, while daily mean intake of vegetables was 2.5
for fifth-grade students
[7]. The percentage of children with intakes lower than the standard
(Apple of Health) was 77 and 80 percent for fifth and ninth graders for fruits and 62 and 53 percent for vegetables, respectively. At least 92percent
of fifth graders
reported consuming one soft drink,
and 85 percent consumed one portion of high-fat-containing
snacks daily explained the daily consumption
of milk, dairy products, fruits, fresh vegetables and vegetable dishes was insufficient [8]. 80 percent
students added extra salt to foods.
More than 49 percent of students regularly consumed some forms of vitamin and/or mineral supplements. Thirty five
percent of boys and 30 percent of
girls smoked daily, 14.6 percent of boys and
5.9 percent of girls consumed alcohol at least once a week discussed that 51.7 percent students
studying in class 9 and 10 followed appropriate dietary habits when 48.3 percent
of the student of same classes had inappropriate [9]. He further
found that 64.8 percent girls and 43.2 percent boys had appropriate dietary habits and 35.2 percent girls and 56.8
percent boys did not have appropriate
dietary habits. In his findings, he also wrote that 27 percent respondents are found as vegetarian and 73 percent as
non vegetarian out of which 29.5
percent boys and 23.1 percent girls are vegetarian and rest of other are non-vegetarian. From the review
of the related literature, it was
not found that there was any study on the same topic that was purposed.
In summary of literature, it can be written that the food habits of students, teenagers and people are not appropriate
in developing countries like ours in
comparison to the developed country. The literature also suggests that the food habits of people are the main causes
of ill health in some of the cases.
So that it is necessary that each and every
person should go with appropriate food habits. Hence, food practice and lower secondary level student
have been explored in this study.
[10-18].